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1.
Farm. hosp ; 46(3): 1-12, May-Jun, 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-203869

RESUMO

Objetivo: Venetoclax en combinación con obinutuzumab ha mostradofrente a la inmunoquimioterapia mejoras significativas en términos de eficacia(supervivencia libre de progresión) en pacientes con leucemia linfocíticacrónica que no han recibido tratamiento previo. El objetivo de este estudiofue evaluar su eficiencia en España a partir de un análisis de coste-utilidad.Método: A partir de un modelo de análisis de la supervivencia adaptadoal contexto español y basado en tres estados de salud (supervivencia librede progresión, supervivencia tras progresión y muerte), se llevó a cabouna simulación de la evolución de los pacientes candidatos a iniciar unaprimera línea de tratamiento para un horizonte temporal de toda la vida. Venetoclax en combinación con obinutuzumab se comparó frente a lasopciones terapéuticas más utilizadas para estos pacientes en el momentodel diseño del estudio: clorambucilo en combinación con binutuzumab,ibrutinib, fludarabina en combinación con ciclofosfamida y rituximab, ybendamustina en combinación con rituximab. Los datos de eficacia paraestimar las curvas de supervivencia fueron derivados del estudio CLL14 y de un metaanálisis en red. El análisis consideró la perspectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud incluyendo los costes sanitarios directos, en concreto losfarmacológicos y su administración, y los asociados al manejo de la enfermedady acontecimientos adversos. El uso de recursos fue validado por ungrupo de expertos. Se emplearon datos de calidad de vida para estimarlos años de vida ajustados por calidad obtenidos para cada alternativa.Se consideró un umbral de 25.000 €/años de vida ajustados por calidad. La robustez del modelo se evaluó mediante análisis de sensibilidad determinísticosy probabilísticos.


Objective: Venetoclax in combination with obinutuzumab has significantlyimproved efficacy versus immunochemotherapy (progression-freesurvival) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who have notreceived prior treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate itsefficiency in Spain using a cost-utility analysis.Method: Using a partitioned-survival analysis model adapted to theSpanish context and based on three health states (progression-free urvival,survival after progression, and death), a simulation of the evolutionof patients who were candidates for initiating first-line treatment wasconducted for a lifetime time horizon. Venetoclax in combination withobinutuzumab was compared to the most commonly used therapeuticoptions for these patients at the time of study design: chlorambucil incombination with obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, fludarabine in combinationwith cyclophosphamide and rituximab, and bendamustine in combinationwith rituximab. In order to estimate survival curves, efficacy datawere derived from the CLL14 trial and a network meta-analysis. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Spanish NationalHealthcare System and included direct healthcare costs (i.e. pharmacologicalcosts and their administration), and those associated with themanagement of the disease and adverse events. The resource use wasvalidated by an expert group. Quality of life data were used to estimatethe quality-adjusted life years obtained for each alternative. A thresholdof €25,000/quality-adjusted life years was used. The robustness of themodel was evaluated using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivityanalyses.


Assuntos
Humanos , Leucemia/terapia , Espanha , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Tratamento Farmacológico , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408674

RESUMO

Introducción: Las úlceras del pie diabético constituyen una de las principales causas de morbilidad y discapacidad, con una importante repercusión por la carga económica de la enfermedad y desde el punto de vista social, por la disminución de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar costos y resultado del tratamiento ambulatorio con el Heberprot P® para la atención al paciente con úlcera del pie diabético. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de 22 pacientes con pie diabético tratados con Heberprot-P®, en la consulta para tales fines del Policlínico Ramón López Peña en el año 2019. Resultados: El 63,6 por ciento de los pacientes que acudieron a consulta presentaron Pie de Riesgo grado cero; la úlcera neuroinfecciosa fue la de mayor incidencia de presentación (94,5 por ciento). Se obtuvo una efectividad del 95,4 por ciento del total de los casos tratados. La mayoría de los tratados necesitaron entre 3-8 bulbos del medicamento, con un promedio de 5 sesiones de tratamiento por paciente, a un costo promedio de $ 3 549,8 /caso tratado. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con el Heberprot P® es altamente efectivo para la cicatrización de las UPD, evitando en gran medida las amputaciones de los miembros inferiores de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus, con una consiguiente disminución del costo económico que tienen estas intervenciones sanitarias para el país(AU)


Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the main causes of morbidity and disability, with an important repercussion due to the economic burden of the disease and from the social point of view, due to the decrease in patients' quality of life. Objective: To assess costs and outcomes of outpatient treatment with Heberpro-P® for the care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out of 22 patients with diabetic foot treated with Heberprot-P®, in the consultation for such purposes of Ramón López Peña Polyclinic in 2019. Results: 63.6 percent of the patients who came for consultation presented zero risk foot; neuroinfectious ulcer was the one with the highest incidence of presentation (94.5 percent). An effectiveness rate of 95.4 percent of the total of treated cases was obtained. Most of those treated needed three to eight bulbs of the medication, with an average of five treatment sessions per patient, at an average cost of 3549.8 Cuban pesos per treated case. Conclusions: Treatment with Heberprot-P® is highly effective for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers, largely avoiding amputations of lower limbs of patients with diabetes mellitus, with a consequent decrease in the economic cost of these health interventions for the country(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida , Análise Custo-Benefício , Pé Diabético/epidemiologia , Medicamentos de Referência , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais
3.
Rev. argent. cir ; 113(2): 169-175, jun. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365471

RESUMO

RESUMEN El protocolo de recuperación optimizada Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) se puso en marcha a partir de 2013 en el sistema de salud de Alberta, un sistema estatal de cobertura médica totalmente financiado con fondos provinciales. Su aplicación en cirugía colorrectal en múltiples centros provincia les disminuyó la incidencia de complicaciones en un 12% y redujo la estancia hospitalaria en un día. Posteriormente, la introducción del programa en ginecología oncológica redujo las complicaciones postoperatorias en un 17% y la duración de la estancia en 2 días en los procedimientos quirúrgicos complejos. Se estima que la ejecución del programa produjo un ahorro neto de 7,22 millones de dóla res canadienses (CAD) en 5 años para la provincia, con un rendimiento de la inversión de 1,05 a 7,31 dólares por cada dólar invertido en el proyecto. La participación de los pacientes permitió que el pro grama tuviera éxito, y el apoyo, la educación y la atenuación del estrés de los pacientes se identificaron como los componentes principales del éxito. El conocimiento y la motivación de los profesionales sani tarios fueron esenciales para garantizar el cumplimiento continuo de las recomendaciones del progra ma ERAS. La educación de los profesionales sanitarios y la demostración de la mejora de los resultados de los pacientes mediante supervisiones es una forma de garantizar que los profesionales sanitarios sigan motivados. Es esencial contar con líderes en el sistema de salud para proporcionar un mensaje coherente y apoyar las iniciativas. El liderazgo también es importante entre los médicos y coordina dores de enfermería para garantizar el cumplimiento y la integración adecuada de la recuperación optimizada en la práctica diaria. La aplicación del programa ERAS en un sistema de salud unificado ha mejorado los resultados de los pacientes y ahorrado recursos. Se está investigando la posibilidad de ampliar el programa a los hospitales comunitarios y a todos los ámbitos quirúrgicos.


ABSTRACT Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) was implemented across Alberta Health Services, a single payer publicly funded provincial health system starting in 2013. Implementation across multiple provincial sites in colorectal surgery reduced postoperative complications by 12% and median length of stay by one day. Subsequent implementation in gynecologic oncology reduced postoperative complications by 17% and length of stay by 2 days in high complexity surgery. Implementation has had an estimated net savings in the province of $7.22 million Canadian dollars (CAD) over 5 years with a return on investment of $1.05 to $7.31 for every dollar invested in the project. Patient involvement enabled success of the program, with support, education, and mitigation of patient stress identified as key components for success. Provider knowledge and motivation were essential to ensure ongoing compliance with ERAS guidelines. Provider education, and demonstration of improvement in patient outcomes using audit is one method to ensure continued motivation from care providers. System-level leadership is essential to provide consistent messaging and support for initiatives, while provider-level leadership in the form of physician champions and nurse coordinators ensures compliance and appropriate integration of ERAS into daily practice. Implementation of ERAS across a unified health care system has improved patient outcomes while saving resources. Further research into expansion of the program to community hospitals and all surgical domains is underway.

4.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 36(2): 283-300, 20210000. fig, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1223987

RESUMO

Introducción. La apendicitis aguda es la patología quirúrgica más frecuente en Colombia y en el mundo, con un riesgo de presentación del 7-8 % en la población general. El tratamiento de elección es la apendicectomía, la cual puede realizarse por vía convencional o por vía laparoscópica. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los desenlaces clínicos y costos de un modelo de estandarización en el manejo de la apendicitis aguda versus la no estandarización. Métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico, para comparar el manejo de atención estandarizado y no estandarizado. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, que ingresaron al servicio de urgencias con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda en el período de enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2018, y quienes fueron llevados a apendicectomía convencional o laparoscópica en la institución. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1392pacientes, 591 que cumplieron los criterios del modelo estandarizado y 801 que cumplieron los criterios del modelo no estandarizado. Al comparar los procesos de estandarización y no estandarización, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los resultados crudos de estancia hospitalaria y costos totales. En los estimativos ajustados por variables de confusión no se encontraron diferencias en los costos totales. Discusión. El modelo de estandarización demostró una disminución en los días de hospitalización. No encontró diferencias en términos de costos totales


Introduction. Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical pathology in Colombia and in the world, with a risk of presentation of 7-8% in the general population. The treatment of choice is appendectomy, which can be performed conventionally or laparoscopically. The objective of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes and costs of a standardization model in the management of acute appendicitis.Methods. Observational, analytical study to compare standardized versus non-standardized care management. Patients older than 18 years, who were admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis in the period from January 2016 to December 2018 and underwent conventional or laparoscopic appendectomy at the institution were included. Results. 1392 patients were included; 591 met the criteria of the standardized model and 801 met the criteria of the non-standardized model. When comparing the standardization versus non-standardization processes, statistically significant differences were found in the hospital stay and total costs. In the estimates adjusted for confounding variables, no differences were found in total costs. Discussion. The standardization model showed a decrease in hospital length of stay. No differences were found in terms of total costs


Assuntos
Humanos , Apendicite , Cirurgia Geral , Avaliação em Saúde , Previsões
5.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 74(9): 773-780, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32980294

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the burden and cost of complications due to poor anticoagulation control in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in Spain. METHODS: An analytical model was used to estimate annual differences in ischemic stroke, major bleeding, deaths, costs, and potential years of life lost between patients with poor anticoagulation control (time in therapeutic range <65%) and adequate control (time in therapeutic range ≥ 65%) with a 1-year time horizon. Information on the target population (patients ≥ 65 years), event rates, and costs were obtained from national sources. Direct costs in euros (2018) were included from the perspective of the national health system (NHS) and direct and indirect costs from the societal perspective. A sensitivity analysis was performed with post-hoc data from the SPORTIF III/V trials. RESULTS: We analyzed a hypothetical cohort of 594 855 patients, 48.3% with poor anticoagulation control, with an increase of 2321 ischemic strokes, 2236 major bleeding events and 14 463 deaths, and an annual incremental cost between €29 578 306 from the NHS perspective and €75 737 451 from the societal perspective. The annual impact of mortality was 170 502 potential years of life lost. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the annual cost would reach €97 787 873 from the societal perspective. CONCLUSIONS: Poor anticoagulation control with AVK has a strong impact on loss of health and on increased spending for the NHS.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Coagulação Sanguínea , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Vitamina K
6.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 74(12): 1054-1061, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33257214

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Economic studies may help decision making in the management of multivessel disease in the setting of myocardial infarction. We sought to perform an economic evaluation of CROSS-AMI (Complete Revascularization or Stress Echocardiography in Patients With Multivessel Disease and ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction) randomized clinical trial. METHODS: We performed a cost minimization analysis for the strategies (complete angiographic revascularization [ComR] and selective stress echocardiography-guided revascularization [SelR]) compared in the CROSS-AMI clinical trial (N=306), attributable the initial hospitalization and readmissions during the first year of follow-up, using current rates for health services provided by our health system. RESULTS: The index hospitalization costs were higher in the ComR group than in SelR arm (19 657.9±6236.8 € vs 14 038.7±4958.5 €; P <.001). There were no differences in the costs of the first year of follow-up rehospitalizations between both groups for (ComR 2423.5±4568.0 vs SelR 2653.9±5709.1; P=.697). Total cost was 22 081.3±7505.6 for the ComR arm and 16 692.6±7669.9 for the SelR group (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the CROSS-AMI trial, the initial extra economic costs of the ComR versus SelR were not offset by significant savings during follow-up. SelR seems to be more efficient than ComR in patients with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease treated by emergent angioplasty. Study registred at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier: NCT01179126).


Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Infarto do Miocárdio , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Ecocardiografia sob Estresse , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Medisan ; 24(6) tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1143259

RESUMO

Introducción: La hiperestesia dentinaria es una sensación dolorosa de intensidad variable, que va de leve a moderada y, al encontrarse la dentina expuesta, puede convertirse en una molestia constante. Objetivo: Determinar la alternativa menos costosa en el tratamiento de pacientes con hiperestesia dentinaria. Método: Se realizó una evaluación económica completa del tipo minimización de costo, en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta mayo de 2019. Se revisaron 40 historias clínicas, escogidas a conveniencia, ya que contaban con los datos necesarios para la investigación. Se crearon 2 grupos de estudios, cuyos integrantes fueron tratados con laca flúor y láser, respectivamente. Se analizaron las variables de edad, sexo, efectividad de los tratamientos, costo directo e indirecto y costo unitario. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 15-24 años (30,0 %), seguido por el de 25- 34 (25,0 %), así como el sexo femenino (70,0 %). El costo unitario del tratamiento con laca flúor fue de $7,77 y con láser de $5,74, para una diferencia de $2,03. Conclusión: La alternativa menos costosa en el tratamiento de pacientes con hiperestesia dentinaria resultó ser la aplicación de láser; mientras que la evaluación económica realizada demostró ser apropiada en materia de eficiencia económica.


Introduction: Dentin hyperesthesia is a painful sensation of variable intensity that goes from light to moderate and, as dentin is exposed, it can become a constant discomfort. Objective: To determine the less expensive alternative in the treatment of patients with dentin hyperesthesia. Method: A complete economic evaluation of the cost minimization type was carried out in Martires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, from January to May, 2019. Forty medical records were reviewed, chosen of convenience, since they had the necessary data for the investigation. Two groups of studies were created whose members were treated with lacquer fluorine and laser, respectively. The age, sex, effectiveness of the treatments, direct and indirect cost and unitary cost variables were analyzed. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 15-24 age group (30.0 %), followed by that of 25-34 (25.0 %), as well as the female sex (70.0 %). The unitary cost of the treatment with lacquer fluorine was of $7.77 and with laser of $5.74, for a difference of $2.03. Conclusion: The less expensive alternative in the treatment of patients with dentin hyperesthesia was the laser application; while the economic evaluation carried out demonstrated to be appropriate as regards economic efficiency.


Assuntos
Hiperestesia/terapia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Terapia a Laser , Flúor
8.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Quito) ; 45(2): 8-20, Dic 31, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1526388

RESUMO

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es un problema de salud pública mundial y es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en Ecuador. La Sitagliptina fue el primer fármaco potenciador del sistema de las incretinas comercializado localmente. Los países no tienen recursos ilimitados para atender las necesidades de salud de su población, por lo que deben adoptar las intervenciones sanitarias más adecuadas, considerando los costos que un país pueda asumir y sostener. Objetivo: Sintetizar los resultados de estudios de costo-efectividad de la sitagliptina para el tratamiento oral combinado de pacientes adultos con diabetes tipo 2 en comparación con sulfonilureas. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática sin metaanálisis basado en las recomendaciones PRISMA. Los términos de búsqueda se estructuraron en base a la estrategia PICO y la pesquisa se realizó en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Tripdatabase y Pubmed Central para artículos de evaluaciones de tecnologías sanitarias, evaluaciones económicas y guías de práctica clínica, y para las políticas de cobertura se utilizó HTAiVortal y Google avanzado. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 3 ensayos clínicos y 8 revisiones sistemáticas-metaanálisis, 2 estudios de cohorte, 3 políticas de cobertura y 1 estudio de costo-efectividad. Tres revisiones sistemáticas establecieron pocos efectos modestos en cuanto a los efectos hipoglicemiantes de sitagliptina en adultos y adultos mayores; con un bajo riesgo de hipoglicemia. Un metaanálisis de 25 ensayos clínicos reportó mayor riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes tratados con sitagliptina. Una revisión sistemática con evaluación económica mostró que la sitagliptina con metformina fue una alternativa costo-efectiva versus añadir una sulfonilurea o roziglitazona. Conclusiones: Por el perfil de costo-efectividad podría considerarse a la sitagliptina como segundo fármaco para pacientes que no consiguen control glicémico con dosis máximas de metformina, o en donde su asociación a una sulfonilurea no sea factible (por riesgos de hipoglicemia o adultos mayores).


Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem, being one of the main causes of mortality in Ecuador. Sitagliptin was the first locally marketed incretin-enhancing drug. Countries do not have unlimited resources to meet the health needs of their population, so they must adopt the most appropriate health interventions, considering the costs that a country can assume and sustain. Objective: To synthesize the results of cost-effectiveness studies of sitagliptin for combined oral treatment of adult patients with type 2 diabetes, compared with sulfonylureas.Methodology: This is a systematic review study without meta-analysis, conducted on PRISMA recommendations. The in-formation search was structured under the PICO strategy and the searches were conducted in Pubmed, Tripdatabase and Pubmed Central for articles on health technology evaluations, economic evaluations and clinical practice guides and for coverage policies HTAiVortal and advanced Google were used.Results: 3 clinical trials and 8 systematic reviews-meta-analysis, 2 cohort studies, 3 coverage policies and 1 cost-effectiveness study were selected. Three systematic reviews establish few effects regarding the hypoglycemic effects of sitagliptin in adults and elderly, with a low risk of hypoglycemia. A meta-analysis of 25 clinical trials reported an increased cardiovascular risk in patients treated with sitagliptin. A systematic review with economic evaluation showed that sitagliptin with metformin was a cost-effective alternative, versus adding a sulfonylurea or roziglitazone.Conclusions: Due to its cost-effectiveness profile, sitagliptin could be considered as a second drug for patients who do not achieve glycemic control with maximum doses of metformin, or where its association with a sulfonylurea is not feasible (due to risks of hypoglycemia or elderly).


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamento farmacológico , Fosfato de Sitagliptina/uso terapêutico , Combinação Fosfato de Sitagliptina e Cloridrato de Metformina , Análise de Custo-Efetividade , Hipoglicemiantes
9.
Rev. méd. Panamá ; 40(1): 30-35, ene.2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099684

RESUMO

Introducción: Los costes informales derivan de cuidados informales que es la atención prestada a un enfermo o discapacitado por parte de personas que no son profesionales socio sanitarios y que no reciben una remuneración económica. El objetivo del trabajo es explicar los costes informales en salud, su definición, su obtención, análisis y el im­ pacto en su incorporación en las evaluaciones económicas en salud. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda del tema sobre costes informales en la base de datos de Medline­Pubmed y en la búsqueda de la biblioteca de la Universidad Carlos III Madrid vía internet a través de varias bases de datos como EconLit y ABI/IN­ FORM collection. Resultados: Se define los cuidados informales, los métodos para su medición en tiempo, en preferencias reveladas, preferencias establecidos fijados, otros métodos, la importan­ cia de incorporar los costos informales en las evaluaciones económicas en salud. Conclusión: La evaluación económica a nivel de la perspectiva de la sociedad se debe incluir, pero muchas veces se realiza según el pagador por lo difícil que puede ser su medición.


Introduction: Informal costs derive from informal care, which is the care provided to a sick or disabled person by people who are not socio­health professionals and who do not receive financial compensation. The objective of the work is to explain the informal costs in health, its definition, its obtaining, analysis and the impact on its incorporation in the economic health evaluations. Material and methods: A search of the topic on informal costs was carried out in the Medli­ ne­Pubmed database and in the search of the Carlos III Madrid University library via the In­ ternet through several databases such as EconLit and ABI / INFORM collection. Results: Informal care is defined, the methods for its measurement in time, in revealed preferences, established preferences, other methods, the importance of incorporating informal costs in economic health evaluations. Conclusion: The economic evaluation at the level of the society perspective must be in­ cluded, but many times it is carried out according to the payer because of how difficult its measurement can be done


Assuntos
Avaliação em Saúde , Cuidadores/economia , Economia Médica/organização & administração , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde
10.
Gac Sanit ; 34(2): 189-193, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31558385

RESUMO

Fifteen years ago, Gaceta Sanitaria published the article entitled "What is an efficient health technology in Spain?" The growing interest in setting the price of new technologies based on the value they provide to health systems and the experience accumulated by the countries in our environment make it opportune to review what constitutes an efficient health intervention in Spain in 2020. Cost-effectiveness analysis continues to be the reference method to maximize social health outcomes with the available resources. The interpretation of its results requires establishing reference values that serve as a guide on what constitutes a reasonable value for the health care system. Efficiency thresholds must be flexible and dynamic, and they need to be updated periodically. Its application should be based on and transparency, and consider other factors that reflect social preferences. Although setting thresholds is down to political decision-makers, in Spain it could be reasonable to use thresholds of 25,000 and 60,000 Euros per QALY. However, currently, in addition to determining exact figures for the threshold, the key question is whether the Spanish National Health System is able and willing to implement a payment model based on value, towards achieving gradual financing decisions and, above all, to improve the predictability, consistency and transparency of the process.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Biomédica/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/economia , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Austrália , Canadá , Custos de Medicamentos , Eficiência , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Recursos em Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Países Baixos , Valores de Referência , Reembolso de Incentivo/economia , Espanha , Suécia , Estados Unidos
11.
Gac Sanit ; 34(4): 326-333, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31669165

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the quality and impact of cost-utility evaluations of medical devices carried out by the Spanish Network of Assessment Agencies (RedETS). METHOD: The cost-utility evaluations of medical devices were identified by searching the evaluation reports of the RedETS website database (2006-2016). Quality and its impact were evaluated with a RedETS quality checklist, comparing cost-utility results and inclusion in the portfolio of common services of the National Health System. The portfolio inclusion status was analysed considering whether the cost-effectiveness incremental ratio was or was not less than €25,000/quality adjusted life years. RESULTS: 25 cost-utility evaluations of medical devices were found (12 cost-utility, 10 cost-effectiveness and 3 both). Fifteen selected cost-utility studies with 19 cost-utility ratios met at least 18 of 25 verification criteria. Also, 12 of the 15 studies met 19 of the 25 criteria. On the impact, in 6 out of the 19 results, the product was included in the portfolio even though the ratio exceeded €25,000/quality adjusted life years. There are three cases undergoing a re-evaluation process, another case being reconsidered once the efficacy-safety of new devices has been reported and in two cases the portfolio states that protocols are required. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the cost-utility evaluations of medical devices published by RedETS fulfil most of the items on the checklist and, therefore, were thorough. These cost-utility evaluations of medical devices are consistent with the decision-making framework to efficiently manage the National Health System portfolio.


Assuntos
Organizações , Análise Custo-Benefício , Humanos , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida
12.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1384333

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La Unidad de Paciente Crítico (UPC) representa un servicio de elevada complejidad. La conformación de equipos avanzados que puedan abordar la población crítica, así como la gestión del cuidado, exigen el uso eficiente de recursos humanos y financieros. Objetivo: Realizar una evaluación económica de costos asociados a la estadía hospitalaria de usuarios internados en la UPC adultos, de un hospital público de la red de salud de Chile. Material y Método: El universo estuvo conformado por 194 usuarios. Se realizó una evaluación económica que contempló costos directos, indirectos y recursos humanos, utilizando la perspectiva del prestador para el período enero-marzo 2017. Los costos totales fueron valorizados en pesos chilenos (CLP). El valor día/cama se estimó a través del cálculo proporcional del gasto total sobre el número de unidades disponibles. Resultados: El costo de estadía hospitalaria/día en UPC es de $351.735 CLP. El servicio de procedencia que domina la usabilidad del servicio es la unidad de emergencia adultos, a la que se asocia un 47,7% del gasto mensual. El Riesgo Relativo (RR) de tener una larga estadía es mayor si el usuario proviene del servicio de emergencia adulto: RR= 1,07 (IC 95%: 0,51-2,26) o si cuenta con diagnóstico de sepsis RR= 2,08 (IC 95%: 0,91- 4,73). Conclusiones: La evaluación económica ofrece una perspectiva interesante para mejorar la gestión de los recursos a nivel hospitalario y debe ser considerada para la toma de decisiones en salud.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The Critical Care Unit (CCU) represents a highly complex service. Organizing an advanced staff that can cater to critically ill patients, as well as providing care management, requires the efficient use of human and financial resources. Objective: To carry out an economic evaluation of costs associated with the hospital stay of adult users admitted to the CCU of a public hospital of the Chilean health network. Material and method: The population consisted of 194 users. An economic cost evaluation that included direct and indirect costs and human resources was carried out, using the perspective of the health provider for the period January-March 2017. The costs were calculated in Chilean pesos (CLP). The bed-day value was estimated through the proportional calculation of the total cost over the number of available units. Results: The cost of hospital stay/day in the CCU is $351,735 CLP. The unit with the highest level of CCU usability is the adult emergency unit, which registers 47.7% of the monthly expenditures. The Relative Risk (RR) of having a lengthy stay is greater if the user comes from the adult emergency service: RR=1.07 (CI 95%: 0.51-2.26) or if they have a sepsis diagnosis RR=2.08 (CI 95%: 0.91-4.73). Conclusions: The economic evaluation offers an interesting perspective for improving resource management at the hospital level and should be considered for health decision-making.


RESUMO Introdução: A unidade de Paciente Crítico (UPC) representa um serviço altamente complexo. A formação de equipes avançadas que possam atender a população crítica, assim como a gestão do cuidado, requer o uso eficiente de recursos humanos e financeiros. Objetivo: realizar uma avaliação econômica dos custos associados à internação hospitalar de usuários internados na UPC adulto, de um hospital público da rede de saúde chilena. Material é Método: O universo esteve composto por 194 usuários. Foi realizada uma avaliação econômica que considerou custos diretos, indiretos e recursos humanos, da perspectiva do provedor para o período de janeiro a março de 2017. Os custos totais foram valorizados em pesos chilenos (CLP). O valor do dia/leito foi estimado através do cálculo proporcional da despesa total sobre o número de unidades disponíveis. Resultados: O custo de internação hospitalar/dia em UPC é de $351.735 CLP. O serviço de origem que domina a usabilidade do serviço é o pronto-socorro adulto, ao qual está associado 47,7% da despesa mensal. O Risco Relativo (RR) de ter uma longa internação é maior se o usuário provém do serviço do pronto-socorro adulto: RR= 1,07 (IC 95%: 0,51-2,26) ou se conta com diagnóstico de sepse RR= 2,08 (IC 95%: 0,91-4,73). Conclusões: A avaliação econômica oferece uma perspectiva interessante para melhorar a gestão dos recursos no nível hospitalar e deve ser considerada para a tomada de decisões em saúde.

13.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 26(2): 70-77, mar.-abr. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1058387

RESUMO

Abstract Objective: new oral anticoagulants (apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban) are the newest advance for stroke's risk reduction in atrial fibrillation. These are as effective as warfarin in preventing stroke/systemic embolism, but exists heterogenic outcomes as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mortality reduction, minor and major haemorrhage (adverse events). Despite of this, there is a lack of cost-effectiveness models focused on adverse events. Methods: a cost-effectiveness analysis with a third payer perspective, interventions included were apixaban, dabigatran, warfarin and rivaroxaban. Discount rate of 3%, and 10 years of temporal horizon. The Markov model is an international, validated, and modified to assess better adverse events. Major assumptions, patients with mild and moderate stroke returns to oral anticoagulation, patients with moderate and severe hemorrhage do not returns to oral anticoagulation. Probabilities and QALYs, taken from a cost-effectiveness analysis published. Costs, information from a cohort of stroke patients. Software, TreeAge pro( and Excel(. Results: overall results, 1.48 QALYs, $17 916 USD for apixaban, 1.49 QALYs, $18 122 USD for dabigatran, 1.32 QALYs, $21 966 USD for warfarin and 1.24 QALYs, $24 547 USD for rivaroxaban. The ICER for apixaban compared to dabigatran was $12 988 USD. Negative ICER for warfarin and rivaroxaban, shows that are dominated alternatives (less benefits and more costs). Apixaban is cost-effective at 70% and dabigatran at 30% of iterations in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: apixaban and dabigatran are cost-effective alternatives, apixaban is the most cost-effective alternative from adverse events perspective. Warfarin shows better results than rivaroxaban to prevent stroke in atrial fibrillation from adverse events perspective.


Resumen Introducción: los nuevos anticoagulantes orales (apixabán, dabigatrán y rivaroxabán) son el avance más reciente para la reducción del riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular en la fibrilación auricular. Estos son tan efectivos como la warfarina en la prevención del accidente cerebrovascular/embolia sistémica, pero existen resultados heterogéneos como hemorragia gastrointestinal, reducción de la mortalidad y hemorragia menor y mayor (eventos adversos). Pese a ello, se carece de modelos de costo-efectividad enfocados en eventos adversos. Materiales y métodos: se hizo un análisis de costo-efectividad con una perspectiva de tercer pagador, en el que se incluyeron intervenciones como apixabán, dabigatrán, warfarina y rivaroxabán. La tasa de descuento fue del 3% y 10 años de horizonte temporal. El modelo de Markov es internacional, validado y modificado para evaluar mejor eventos adversos. Las principales suposiciones, los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular leve y moderado vuelven a la anticoagulación oral, los pacientes con hemorragia moderada y grave no regresan a la anticoagulación oral. Probabilidades y AVAC, tomados de un análisis de costo-efectividad publicado. Los costos, información de una cohorte de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular. Software, TreeAge pro y Excel. Resultados: resultados generales, 1.48 QALYs, $ 17 916 USD para apixabán, 1.49 QALYs, $ 18 122USD para dabigatrán, 1.32 QALYs, $ 21 966 USD para warfarina y 1.24 QALYs, $ 24 547 USD para rivaroxabán. El ICER para apixabán en comparación con dabigatrán fue de $ 12 988 USD. El ICER negativo para warfarina y rivaroxabán muestra que son alternativas dominadas (menos beneficios y más costos). Apixabán es rentable en 70% y dabigatrán en 30% de las iteraciones en el análisis de sensibilidad probabilístico. Conclusión: apixabán y dabigatrán son costo-efectivos; apixabán es la alternativa más costo-efectiva desde la perspectiva de los eventos adversos. Warfarina mostró mejores resultados que rivaroxabán para prevenir accidentes cerebrovasculares en fibrilación auricular desde la perspectiva de los eventos adversos.


Assuntos
Avaliação em Saúde , Anticoagulantes , Varfarina , Análise Custo-Benefício , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Rivaroxabana , Dabigatrana
14.
Infectio ; 22(4): 185-191, oct.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-953991

RESUMO

Introducción: Existen diversas pruebas para el diagnóstico de las geohelmintiasis, con múltiples estudios que demuestran la heterogeneidad en su validez diagnóstica y pocos que aluden su costo-efectividad. Objetivo: Sistematizar las evaluaciones económicas sobre las pruebas aplicadas en el diagnóstico de geohelmintos. Métodos: Revisión sistemática en seis bases de datos con 24 estrategias de búsqueda. Se aplicó un protocolo de selección de estudios, garantizando exhaustividad, reproducibilidad y evaluación de la calidad metodológica. Se realizó síntesis cualitativa de la información. Resultados: En la literatura científica mundial sólo se dispone de cuatro evaluaciones económicas completas para el diagnóstico de geo-helmintos, en la modalidad de estudios de costo-efectividad; en éstas se evaluaron cinco pruebas en 247 adultos y 6.708 niños. En los desenlaces en salud empleados se encontraron la proporción de pacientes positivos y algunos parámetros de validez diagnóstica como la sensibilidad y la especificidad, mientras que los costos se circunscribieron a insumos y salarios. Estos hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la baja aplicación de los recursos teóricos y metodológicos de la economía de la salud en el diagnóstico de las geohelmintiasis. Conclusión: Las evaluaciones económicas de pruebas para el diagnóstico de geohelmintos y parásitos intestinales en general son exiguas en el ámbito mundial y los pocos estudios disponibles presentan limitaciones de validez interna y externa que impiden la aplicación de sus resultados a otros ámbitos.


Introduction: The tests for diagnosis of the geohelmintiasis are diverse, with multiple studies that demonstrate heterogeneity in its diagnostic validity and few about its cost-effectiveness. Objective: To systematize the economic evaluations on the tests applied in the diagnosis of geohelminths. Methods: Systematic review in six databases with 24 search strategies. A protocol for the selection of the studies was applied, guaranteeing completeness, reproducibility and evaluation of methodological quality. Qualitative synthesis of the information was made. Results: In the scientific literature there are four complete economic evaluations (cost-effectiveness studies) for the diagnosis of geo-helminths; in these, five tests were evaluated in 247 adults and 6,708 children. In the health outcomes the studies employed the proportion of positive patients and some diagnostic validity parameters such as sensitivity and specificity, while costs were limited to inputs and salaries. These findings show the low application of the theoretical and methodological resources of health economics in the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Conclusion: The economic evaluations of tests for the diagnosis of geohelminths and intestinal parasites in general are meager worldwide and the few available studies have limitations of internal and external validity that prevent the application of their results to other areas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Avaliação em Saúde , Análise Custo-Benefício , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Helmintos , Revisão Sistemática , Enteropatias Parasitárias
15.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 44(4)oct.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1042993

RESUMO

Introducción: Los problemas de seguridad y costo de las reacciones adversas medicamentosas (RAM) graves tienen un peso considerable en los sistemas de salud, pero la evidencia demostrada en los estudios publicados en Cuba, es aún escasa. Objetivo: Determinar costos asociados al tratamiento farmacológico de las reacciones adversas graves en el país. Método: Se realizó una evaluación parcial de tipo descripción de costos desde la perspectiva del Sistema Nacional de Salud en el periodo 2003-2013. Se utilizó una técnica de microcosteo, se calcularon los costos unitarios y totales para un horizonte temporal de 24 horas de ocurrida la reacción adversa grave y estos se expresaron en pesos cubanos. Resultados: Del total de RAM graves, en 13 293 hubo descripción del tratamiento farmacológico inmediato (17,9 por ciento). Este representó un costo total de $ 62 228,05. El costo medio fue de $ 4,69. Los mayores porcentajes de RAM graves se ubicaron en los rangos entre $ 1,00 y 3,00 (24,3 por ciento). Se observó que las RAM de hipersensibilidad representaron el 34,2 por ciento del costo total con $ 21 283,41 CUP. Aquellas de intensidad moderada representaron el 81,7 por ciento de los costos. Prácticamente en todos los casos costó más tratar las RAM graves que el costo del tratamiento farmacológico que la originó. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que las RAM graves verifican un problema y generan un costo para el sistema nacional de salud, por lo que se requieren medidas encaminadas a su detección y prevención para mejorar la seguridad del paciente y reducir los costos(AU)


Introduction: The safety and cost problems of serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have a considerable weight in health systems, but the evidence shown in the studies published in Cuba is still scarce. Objective: To determine costs associated with the pharmacological treatment of serious adverse reactions in the country. Method: A partial evaluation of cost description was carried out from the perspective of the National Health System in the 2003-2013 period. A micro-costing method was used. Unit and total costs were calculated for a time horizon of 24 hours after the serious adverse reaction occurred and these were expressed in Cuban pesos. Results: 13 293 of the total of serious AMR had a description of the immediate pharmacological treatment (17.9 percent). This represented a total cost of $ 62,228.05. The average cost was $ 4.69. The highest percentages of serious RAM were in the ranges between $ 1.00 and $ 3.00 CUP (24.3 percent). Hypersensitivity ADRs represented 34.2 percent of the total cost with $ 21,283.41 CUP. Those of moderate intensity represented 81.7 percent. In practically all cases, it cost more to treat serious ADRs than the cost of the pharmacological treatment that originated it. Conclusions: The results showed that serious ADRs prove to be a problem and generate costs for the national health system, which is why measures aimed at its detection and prevention are required to improve patient safety hence reduce costs(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/economia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Farmacovigilância , Cuba
16.
Value Health Reg Issues ; 17: 194-201, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30447540

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pneumococcal infections are a public health problem in older adults. In Chile there are two vaccines at this time, PPSV23 and PCV13. The first has lower immunogenicity and effectiveness in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia and a lower cost than PCV13. OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of PCV13 versus PPSV23 in adults 18 years old and over in the Chilean Health System. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cost-utility study was performed using the Markov model (population data for a time horizon of 10 years). Utilities and epidemiological data were obtained from the literature and costs from the Chilean Public sector. Vaccine's costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were determined and compared. RESULTS: PCV13 vaccination program in adults (≥18 years), generated savings of $42,195 USD and an increase of 6,820 QALYs, avoiding 107 cases of bacteremia, 13 meningitis, 6,706 inpatient pneumonia, 4,509 outpatient pneumonia and 1,189 deaths compared to PPSV23 without variation on sensitivity analysis on high impact variables. For the subgroup of patients over 65 years old PCV13 generates savings of $ 32,105.94USD and produces 5,430 QALYs more compared to PPSV23. CONCLUSION: PCV13 is dominant. A PCV13 vaccination program saves costs to the public system, reduces mortality and morbidity; these results are robust.


Assuntos
Análise Custo-Benefício , Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/economia , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Conjugadas/economia , Adulto , Idoso , Chile , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Pneumocócicas/imunologia , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/administração & dosagem , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/imunologia , Qualidade de Vida
17.
Value Health Reg Issues ; 17: 56-63, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29684901

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Describir los costos y el impacto económico de la atención de pacientes diagnosticados con hipercolesterolemia en México en el año 2016. METODOLOGíA: Se desarrolla una evaluación económica del tipo análisis de costo de la enfermedad donde se cuantifican los recursos médicos utilizados para el tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia así como para sus complicaciones. Los costos de los recursos médicos utilizados son obtenidos de los costos unitarios por nivel de atención del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) así como de las licitaciones publicadas en el portal de compras del IMSS. El uso de recursos se obtiene mediante un panel de expertos y para el porcentaje de presencia de las complicaciones se efectúa una revisión de literatura. Los costos médicos directos son estimados multiplicando la frecuencia de uso por el costo unitario, agrupándolos y obteniendo así los costos individuales de cada recurso médico. RESULTADOS: Los casos de hipercolesterolemia en prevención secundaria con enfermedad coronaria y enfermedad cardiovascular representan un mayor costo promedio anual ($111,835.19, D.E. $84,276.37), seguido de la hipercolesterolemia en prevención secundaria con enfermedad coronaria sin enfermedad cardiovascular ($56,352.13, D.E. $29,004.04), los cuales no incluyen los costos generados por las complicaciones. El resto de los grupos de hipercolesterolemia representan una carga económica menor. CONCLUSIONES: La carga económica de la hipercolesterolemia representa en promedio por caso al año $258,761.37, esto traducido a los aproximadamente 445,075 de casos diagnosticados y tratados al año representaría un impacto económico en el sistema de salud de más de ciento quince mil millones ($115,168,331,355.11).


Assuntos
Análise Custo-Benefício , Hipercolesterolemia/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/economia , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/complicações , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia
18.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 49(3): 470-477, Agosto 28, 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-897116

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar los costos económicos de las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) en el municipio de AquitaniaBoyacá, 2014. Métodos: Evaluación económica parcial, tipo descripción de costos desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud. Se utilizó la técnica de micro-costeo para estimar los costos asociados a las IRA en Aquitania-Boyacá. Los costos se discriminaron por los siguientes rubros: consultas, exámenes de laboratorio e imágenes, medicamentos, materiales e insumos y estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central para resumir la información con sus respectivas medidas de dispersión. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron en Microsoft Excel 2013®. Resultados: Los 1.576 pacientes, representaron 2.471 atenciones por IRA en la Empresa Social del Estado (ESE) Salud Aquitania, de las cuales el 15,6% fueron en el servicio de urgencias, 81,4% en consulta externa y 3% en el servicio de hospitalización de la ESE Salud Aquitania. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 2,5 días, (máximo de cinco días). El costo promedio de un paciente con IRA hospitalizado fue $759.437 (RIC$639.132-$879.742); para mujeres fue de $753.879 (RIC$548.862-$877.895) y en hombres de $764.397 (RIC$618.523-$910.271). El rubro que representó un mayor peso en el total del costo por caso hospitalizado fue la estancia hospitalaria, con el 64%. Conclusión: las IRA representan una elevada carga económica al municipio de Aquitania Boyacá. La carga económica para el sistema de salud de la atención de pacientes ambulatorios en Aquitania-Boyacá en 2014 fue de $78.9 millones de pesos y la relacionada con la hospitalización fue de $56.198.338 (IC95% $ 47.295.768 - $65.100.908).


ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the economic costs related to Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in a Colombian municipality. Methods: A retrospective cost-of-illness study was conducted to estimate economic costs due to ARI in Aquitania-Boyacá. The micro-costing (bottom-up) technique was used to estimate the costs associated with ARI in the municipality of Aquitania-Boyacá. Costs were divided by the following items: consultations, laboratory and images, drugs, materials and supplies and the hospital stay. Measures of central tendency were used to summarize the information with their respective dispersion measures. Statistical analyzes were performed in Microsoft Excel 2013®. Results: The 1,576 patients accounted for 2,471 ARI in the Empresa Social del Estado (ESE) Salud Aquitania, of which 15.6% were in the emergency department, 81.4% in the outpatient department and 3% in the hospitalization service. The average length of stay was 2.5 days (maximum of 5 days). The mean cost of a patient with hospitalized ARI was $ 759,437 (ICR $639,132- $ 879,742); for women was $ 753,879 (ICR $548,862- $ 877,895) and for men $ 764,397 (ICR $618,523- $ 910,271). Length of stay was the largest share of total cost per case, with 64%. Conclusion: ARI represented a high economic burden to the municipality of Aquitania-Boyacá. The economic burden for the health care system of outpatient in the municipality in 2014 was $78,9 million pesos and that related to hospitalization was $ 56,198,338 (IC95% $ 47,295,768- $ 65,100,908).


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Respiratórias , Custos Diretos de Serviços , Avaliação em Saúde , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Custos e Análise de Custo , Infecções
19.
Nefrologia ; 37(3): 285-292, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28648205

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is the object of constant analysis in the search for efficiency and sustainability. OBJECTIVE: To calculate the direct cost of healthcare for the prevalent RRT population in the province of Toledo (2012/2013). METHOD: a) Population: All prevalent patients at some point in RRT in 2012 (669) and in 2013 (682). b) Costs included (€): 1) dialysis procedure; 2) inpatient, outpatient and emergency care, dialysis and non-dialysis related; 3) drug consumption; 4) medical transport. c) Calculation and analysis: The aggregate localized or reconstructed cost of each item was calculated from the individual cost of each patient. Annual cost and cost per patient/year was calculated for the whole RRT and for its subprograms (€). RESULTS: a) Aggregate costs: The total cost of RRT amounted to 15.84 and 15.77 million euros (2012/2013). Dialysis procedures account for 40.2% of the total while the sum of hospital care and drug consumption represents 41.5%. Healthcare for patients on hospital haemodialysis (HHD) and combined haemodialysis (CHD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and transplant (Tx) accounts for 70.0, 5.0 and 25.0% of the total respectively. b) Patient/year cost: From the number of patients/year provided by each subprogramme, the following values were obtained in 2012/2013: All RRT 26,130/25,379; HHD 49,167/53,289; CHD 44,657/44,971; PD 45,538/51,869 and Tx 10,909/10,984. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with others published, although our patient/year values are slightly higher, probably because they include elements such as outpatient pharmacy, hospital and medical transport cargo. The growing contribution of Tx to the survival of the whole RRT population contains the overall costs and reduces the patient/year cost, making RRT sustainable.


Assuntos
Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Terapia de Substituição Renal/economia , Humanos , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo
20.
Aten Primaria ; 49(7): 407-416, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28173951

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-benefit analysis of brief medical advice to quit smoking in the Region of Murcia. DESIGN: A cost-benefit analysis is performed on brief medical advice to quit smoking versus non-intervention. A Markov model is used to estimate the costs (€ in 2014), under the perspective of the National Health System, and health outcomes. These are measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The time horizon of the analysis is 20years, and costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3%. A univariate and multivariate deterministic sensitivity analysis is performed. LOCATION: Region of Murcia. PARTICIPANTS: Smokers in the Region of Murcia. INTERVENTIONS: Brief advice to quit smoking. KEY MEASURES: Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). RESULTS: With a time horizon of 5years (2018), the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) would be €172,400 per QALY gained; at 10years (2023) the ICER was €30,300 per QALY gained; and, for the maximum horizon considered by the model, the ICER was €7,260 per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS: Brief advice intervention is more efficient in the long-term than in the short-term and, depending on the Spanish cost-benefit threshold, public funding for this intervention would be recommended.

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